History teaches us that
Freud and Jung were friends, or at least had some sort of relationship.
Jung eventually jettisoned some of Freud’s theories, and began to
embrace his own set of ideas which he called analytical. Both of these
men believed in the idea that the unconscious mind was the gateway to
understanding how the mind worked. However, Jung used a more
multilayered idea of the unconscious mind than did Freud.
A
very interesting difference between the two men relates to religion.
Freud believed religion was just a way to escape reality, and not true
on any level. Freud was kind of Marxists in his stance about religion.
He felt it was mainly for the simpleminded. Freud placed his faith
completely in the unconscious mind’s ability to cure neurosis. Jung,
however, believed there was a place for religion in the individuation of
the individual. He also believed it was important to communication
between different people groups. Jung believed that although religions
differed, archetypes remained static. Jung was not Christian, and may
have even been more involved with occult type practices. Whatever the
case he still saw use for religion that Freud did not see.
Freud
and Jung disagreed what made up the unconscious. Freud defined it as a
group of ideas, experiences, and concepts that a person would refuse to
deal with, and that would ultimately lead to some form of neuroses. Jung
took this idea a step further in stating that people also had a
collective version of this same issue that was common to all people. A
distinction that really comes into play here is the motivation. Freud
believed it was repressed of expressed sexuality. Jung, rightly in my
opinion, believed that sex was only one of many of the driving forces of
human behavior. Jung believed that people are motivated mostly by their
need to achieve individuation, or put more simply to feel whole or
complete. The bible tells us that this desire can only can only be
realized through Jesus Christ, “The thief comes to steal, kill, and
destroy; I (Jesus) come that they might have life, and might have it
abundantly” (John 10:10, NASB). This passage tells us that
self-acceptance (individuation) is only possible through placing our
faith in the finished work of Jesus Christ on the cross. Freud believed
that the only way to achieve self-acceptance was for a person to uncover
and open the unconscious mind and discover happiness on their own
through therapy. Jung, however believed that the regulation of emotions
hindered the unconscious mind’s movement toward individuation.
Within
therapy Freud wanted to pound the unconscious into releasing repressed
feelings. Jung thought the goal of therapy was to help someone
understand the role of the unconscious, and help the patient better
guide how it worked.
Part 2
In
reading both chapters 8 and 9 by Jones & Butman, I really do not
have any issues with their stance on any of the material addressed by
the authors. In the big picture, I did find one standout passage,
“According to Alderians, social interest is the highest intrinsic value”
(Jones, 1991). This idea seems to permeate several areas of thought
within psychology. On the surface it seems laudable, but the natural
consequences of life lived this way can lead to monumental
misunderstanding of the basis of Christianity. Jesus, quoting the first
commandment, “And He said to him, " 'YOU SHALL LOVE THE LORD YOUR GOD
WITH ALL YOUR HEART, AND WITH ALL YOUR SOUL, AND WITH ALL YOUR MIND.' This
is the great and foremost commandment.” (Matthew 22:37-38, NASB). This
should be the source of highest intrinsic value for Christians.
Amazingly enough all life begins here, and unless it begins here no
amount of social interest will ever produce meaning and purpose in our
lives.
Reference
Stanton Jones and Richard Butman, Modern Psychotherapies: A Comprehensive Christian Appraisal (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1991), 235.
"Scripture taken from the NEW AMERICAN STANDARD BIBLE®, Copyright © 1960,1962,1963,1968,1971,1972,1973,1975,1977,1995 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission."
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